第4章 什么是人和人生

　　Section Three　What Is Man and What Is Life1．

　　什么是人？人是万物之灵，是肉体和灵魂的结合体。肉体部分是兽，即有高度智力的兽；灵魂部分是神，即宇宙的形式。人的物质生活接近兽，精神生活接近神。人有物质（肉体）生命和精神（灵魂）生命，前者终有一死，后者永世长存。人是群居的，有其社会属性；人有七情六欲，有其自然属性。但是人的最大特点是具有自由意志，能采取行动改变自己的处境和命运，在这个意义上，人是自己命运的主人，人接近神。

　　1．What is man？ Man is the wisest of all creatures， the integration of living body and soul. The partof living body is an animal， i.e. a highly intelligent animal. The part of soul is God， i.e. the The Form of theUniverse. Man’s material life is close to animal while spiritual life is close to God. Man has physical (body)life and moral (soul) life. The former is mortal while the latter is immortal. Man is living in groups and hashis social attributes. Man has the seven emotions and six sensory pleasures， consequently has his naturalattributes. But Man’s most outstanding characteristic is that Man has free will and can take action in changeof one’s condition and fate. In this sense， Man is the master of his own fate and Man is close to God.

　　2．什么是受过教育的人？受过教育的人应知道物的世界，应理解人的世界，应参与思想的世界，应享受感情的世界。

　　2．What is the educated man？ The educated man is one who knows of the world of things， understandsthe world of people， participates in the world of thought and enjoys the world of feeling.

　　3．什么是人生？人生是指从出生到逝世的整个过程，包括了肉体和灵魂、生活并生存、生计与环境、成败得失等。

　　3．What is life？ Life refers to the whole process of one’s life from birth to death， including body andsoul， living and survival， livelihood and surroundings， successes and failures， gains and losses， etc.

　　4．人生有何内涵？一般说来有如下内涵：

　　What connotative meanings does life have？ Generally speaking， human life has the following connotativemeanings：

　　（1）为了生存，人生必须有私人的、身体的、性爱的、维持生活的、工作或劳动的各种物质生活。

　　（1）In order to survive， human life must be made up of private， physical， sexual， living， working orlabouring， all kinds of material life.

　　（2）为了健全生活，人生必须有智力的、道德的、社会的、政治的、经济的、文化的各种精神生活。

　　（2）In order to live healthily， human life must be made up of intellectual， moral， social， political，economical， cultural， all kinds of spiritual life.

　　（3）为了幸福生活，人生必须有外在的与内心的和谐生活。

　　（3）In order to live happily， human life must be harmonious in outer and inner life.