第62章 奋斗改变人生（12）

　　却说曹操闻孙策已死，欲起兵下江南。侍御史张罥谏曰：“乘人之丧而伐之，既非义举；若其不克，弃好成仇：不如因而善遇之。”操然其说，乃即奏封孙权为将军，兼领会稽太守；即令张罥为会稽都尉，赍印往江东。孙权大喜，又得张罥回吴，即命与张昭同理政事。张罥又荐一人于孙权：此人姓顾，名雍，字元叹，乃中郎蔡邕之徒；其为人少言语，不饮酒，严厉正大。权以为丞，行太守事。自是孙权威震江东，深得民心。

　　When Cao Cao heard that Sun Ce had died， he wanted to muster his forces and descend upon theSouthland. But the censor Zhang Hong dissuaded him， saying，“To attack when he land is in mourning isdishonorable. If you fail， you will have thrown away whatever amity still exists and created instead a profoundenmity. I would suggest you take the opportunity to treat the southerners handsomely.”Cao Cao took hisadvice and recommended to the Emperor that Sun Quan be appointed general and governor of Kuaiji. At thesame time Zhang Hong was made military commander of Kuaiji and given the seal of office to deliver to SunQuan. Sun Quan was elated to have Zhang Hong released from the capital， and instructed him to work closelywith Zhang Zhao in administering his kingdom. At this time Zhang Hong recommended another man to SunQuan， Gu Yong (Yuantan)， a disciple of Court Counselor Cai Yong. Gu Yong was a man chary of speech， notgiven to drink， both severe and correct. Sun Quan employed him as a governor’s deputy and acting governor.

　　Throughout the Southland Sun Quan’s prestige was recognized， and the people became deeply devoted tohim.

　　创业难守业更难。“今操引百万之众，虎踞江汉。”（第四十二回）吴国太问孙权：

　　“何事在心，寝食俱废？”权曰：“今曹操屯兵于江汉，有下江南之意。问诸文武，或欲降者，或欲战者。欲待战来，恐寡不敌众；欲待降来，又恐曹操不容：因此犹豫不决。”（第四十三回）“孔明用智激周瑜 孙权决计破曹操”（第四十四回）；“三江口曹操折兵 群英会蒋干中计”（第四十五回）；“用奇谋孔明借箭 献密计黄盖受刑”（第四十六回）；“阚泽密献诈降书 庞统巧授连环计”（第四十七回）；“宴长江曹操赋诗 锁战船北军用武”（第四十八回）；“七星坛诸葛祭风 三江口周瑜纵火”（第四十九回）；“诸葛亮智算花容　关云长义释曹操”（第五十回），孙、刘联合，大败曹操，这是我国古代战争史上另一个以少胜多、以弱胜强的光辉榜样，这也表现了孙权的雄才大略——联刘反曹，取得了赤壁之战的大胜。

　　Keeping is harder than winning.“Cao Cao leads a million-man host. He’s perched like a tiger on theGreat River and the Han.”(Chapter 42) Lady Wu， his mother， asked Sun Quan：“Why are you unable toeat and sleep？”“Cao Cao is camped on the river，”Sun Quan said to her，“intent on subduing our land. Ihave put the question to our civil and military advisers. Some would capitulate， some would wage war. If werisk battle， I fear our fewer numbers will not be able to stand against their greater. If we risk submission， Ifear Cao Cao will not accommodate us. I wave， therefore， unable to act resolutely.”(Chapter 43)“KongmingCunningly Moves Zhou Yu to Anger Sun Quan Decides on a Plan to Defeat Cao Cao”(Chapter 44)；“CaoCao Suffers Casualties at Three Rivers Jiang Gan Springs a Trap at the Congregation of Heroes”(Chapter45)；“Kongming Borrows Cao Cao’s Arrows Through a Ruse Huang Gai is Flogged Following a SecretPlan”(Chapter 46)；“Kan Ze’s Secret Letters Offering a Sham Surrender Pang Tong’s Shrewd Plan forConnecting the Boats”(Chapter 47)；“Feasting on the Great River， Cao Cao Sings an Ode Linking ItsBoats， the North Prepares for War”(Chapter 48)；“On Seven Star Altar Kongming Supplicates the WindAt Three Rivers Zhou Yu Unleashes the Fire”(Chapter 49)；“Kongming Foresees the Outcome at HuarongLord Guan Releases， and Obligates， Cao Cao”(Chapter 50). Sun Quan has joined forces with Liu Bei againstCao Cao and defeated Cao severely. This is another shining example of defeating a numerically superior andpowerful enemy with a small and weak force in the military history of ancient China. This also shows SunQuan’s great talent and bold vision—having joined forces with Liu Bei against Cao Cao at the Battle of theRed Cliffs and won the battle greatly.

　　赤壁之战大败曹操之后，刘备、孙权分别极力从曹军手中争夺城镇和地盘。玄德自得荆州、南郡、襄阳，心中大喜，正议久远之计。鲁肃引从者径投南郡来与刘备理论。鲁曰：

　　“吾主吴侯，与都督公瑾，教某再三申意皇叔：所有荆州九郡，合当归于东吴。今皇叔用诡计，夺占荆襄，使江东空费钱粮军马，而皇叔安受其利，恐于理未顺。”孔明曰：“子敬乃高明之士，何故亦出此言？常言道：‘物必归主’。荆襄九郡，非东吴之地（第五十二回）……孔明变色曰：“且赤壁之战，我主多负勤劳，众将并皆用命，岂独是汝东吴之力？

　　若非我借东南风，周郎安能展半筹之功？何公不察之甚也！”一席话，说得鲁子敬缄口无言；半晌乃曰：“孔明之言，怕不有理；争奈鲁肃身上甚是不便。”孔明曰：“若恐先生面上不好看，我劝主人立纸文书，暂借荆州为本；待我主别图得城池之时，便交付还东吴。”

　　玄德亲笔写成文书一纸，押了字。保人诸葛孔明也押了字。孔明曰：“亮是皇叔这里人，难倒自家作保？烦子敬先生也押个字，回见吴侯也好看。”肃曰：“某知皇叔乃仁义之人，必不相负。”遂押了字，收了文书。宴罢辞回。玄德与孔明，送到船边。孔明嘱曰：“子敬回见吴侯，善言伸意，休生妄想。若不准我文书，我翻了面皮，连八十一州都夺了。今只要两家和气，休教曹贼笑话。”“周瑜写了书呈，选快船送鲁肃投南徐见孙权，先说借荆州一事，呈上文书。……肃曰：‘周都督有书呈在此，说用此计，可得荆州。’权看毕，点头暗喜，寻思谁人可去。猛然省曰：‘非吕范不可。’遂召吕范至，谓曰：‘近闻刘玄德丧妇。

　　吾有一妹，欲招玄德为婿，永结姻亲，同心破曹，以扶汉室。非子衡不可为媒，望即往荆州一言。’”（第五十四回）由此可见，孙权能审时度势，能屈能伸；能顾全大局，很重视联刘抗曹的战略。

　　After Cao Cao was severely defeated at the Battle of the Red Cliffs， Liu Bei and Sun Quan did theirutmost respectively to take cities and land from Cao’s army. Liu Xuande， overjoyed with the acquisition ofthe key cities of Jingzhou， Nanjun， and Xiangyang， began considering how they could be held permanently.

　　Lightly attended， Lu Su headed for Nanjun to reason with Liu Bei. Lu said，“Lord Sun Quan and his chiefcommander， Zhou Yu， have sent me to communicate their emphatic view to the imperial uncle. Jingzhou’snine imperial districts should now properly become part of the Southland. But the imperial uncle has used asubterfuge to seize and hold the area， handily reaping a benefit for which the Southland has vainly expendedits coin， grain， and men. I doubt that this is consonant with accepted principles.”“My friend，”Kongmingsaid，“on what grounds does a high-minded and enlightened scholar like yourself make such statements？ Itis commonly agreed that‘things belong to their owners.’Jingzhou’s nine districts are not the Southland’sterritory”(Chapter 52).... Kongming said with a stern expression，“Don’t forget that in the battle at RedCliffs my lord bore the brunt of the fighting， and his commanders risked their lives in the field. Do you meanto tell us that the victory was due to the strength of the south alone？ If I hadn’t been able to borrow the force ofthe southeast winds， what strategy would Zhou Yu have used？... How could you be so undiscerning？”Duringthis tirade Lu Su sat silent. At long last he commented，“There is some truth， I’m afraid， in what you say.

　　The thing is， it puts me in a most difficult position.”“If it’s a bit of face you’re afraid of losing，”Kongmingexplained，“I can have Lord Liu give it to you in writing that we are borrowing the province as our temporarybase， and that once Lord Liu has completed his arrangements for taking another， he will return Jingzhouto the Southland.”Xuande personally wrote out the document and affixed his seal. And Zhuge Kongmingaffixed his own， saying，“Since I am in the service of the imperial uncle， it hardly suffices for me to actas guarantor. May we trouble you， sir， to sign as well？ I think it will look better when you see Lord Sunagain.”“I doubt，”replied Lu Su，“that a man of humanity and honor like the imperial uncle would betrayhis commitment.”With that， he added his seal and gathered up the document. The banquet ended， Lu Subade his hosts good-bye. Xuande and Kongming escorted him to the water’s edge. Kongming left him withthis parting admonition：“When you see Lord Sun， speak well of us—and do not get any strange ideas. Ifour document is not accepted， we’ll show a different face and your eighty-one townships will be lost. Bothsides need good relations or the traitor Cao will make fools of us all.”“Zhou Yu drafted his proposal andput Lu Su on a fast boat of Nanxu. There Su told Sun Quan the result of his mission to Jingzhou and showedhim the agreement with Xuande and Kongming， ...‘Chief Commander Zhou sends this proposal，’saidLu Su， handing him the letter，‘with which he says we can recover Jingzhou.’Sun Quan read it throughand nodded， secretly pleased， and began asking himself whom to send as the go-between. The name thatsprang to mind was Lü Fan. Sun Quan summoned Lü Fan and said to him，‘Recently we have had newsof the passing of Liu Xuande’s wife. I desire to invite him to marry into my family by taking my youngersister to wife. Bound thus in lasting kinship， we can join wholeheartedly in the struggle to defeat Cao Caoand uphold the house of Han. You are my choice for go-between. I count on you to present our case inJingzhou.’(Chapter 54)”From here we can see Sun Quan can make a correct assessment of the situationand know when to eat humble pie and when to hold his head high. He can consider the overall situation andpay much attention to the struggle of allying with Liu against Cao.

　　孙权善于团结下属，善于调解他们间的矛盾，因而他们愿尽力以保江东。例如，“凌统想起甘宁杀父之仇，又见吕蒙夸美之，心中大怒，瞪目直视良久，忽拔左右所佩之剑，立于筵上曰：‘筵前无乐，看吾舞剑。’甘宁知其意，推开果桌起身，两手取两枝戟挟定，纵步出曰：‘看我筵前使戟。’……权曰：‘吾常言二人休念旧仇，今日又何如此？’凌统哭拜于地。孙权再三劝止。”（第六十七回）“曹休便闪在张辽背后，开弓一箭，正中凌统坐下马，那马直立起来，把凌统掀翻在地。乐进连忙持枪来刺。枪还未到，只听得弓弦响处，一箭射中乐进面门，翻身落马。两军齐出，各救一将回营，鸣金罢战。凌统回寨中拜谢孙权。权曰：‘放箭救你者，甘宁也。’凌统乃顿首拜宁曰：‘不想公能如此垂恩！’自此与甘宁结为生死之交，再不为恶。”（第六十八回）再如：“周泰挺身杀入，寻见孙权。泰曰：‘主公可随泰杀出。’于是泰在前，权在后，奋力冲突。泰到江边，回头又不见孙权，乃复翻身杀入围中，又寻见孙权。权曰：‘弓弩齐发，不能得出，如何？’泰曰：‘主公在前，某在后，可以出围。’孙权乃纵马前行。周泰左右遮护，身被数枪，箭透重铠，救得孙权……孙权知陈武已亡，董袭又沉江而死，哀痛至切，令人入水中寻见董袭尸首，与陈武尸一齐厚葬之。又感周泰救护之功，设宴款之。权亲自把盏，抚其背，泪流满面，曰：‘卿两番相救，不惜性命，被枪数十，肤如刻画，孤亦何心不待卿以骨肉之恩、委卿以兵马之重乎！卿乃孤之功臣，孤当与卿共荣辱、同休戚也。’”这就是为什么他的属下愿拼死为他全心全意效命的原因。

　　Sun Quan is good at uniting his subordinates and mediating contradictions among them so that they willgive their all to protect the Southland. For instance， Ling Tong， seeing Lü Meng praise the man who hadkilled his father， stared angrily at Gan Ning. Suddenly he took an attendant’s sword and， standing in the centerof the company， cried out，‘We lack for entertainment. Allow me to perform a sword dance.’Gan Ningknew exactly what Ling Tong wanted to do. He pushed over the table loaded with fruit and rose to his feet.

　　Clasping a halberd under each arm， he strode forward.‘Let me show the company how I handle these.’CanNing said.‘I have told both of you more than once to set aside your enmity.’Sun Quan said.‘How couldthis have happened？’Weeping， Ling Tong threw himself to the ground. Sun Quan reiterated his admonition.

　　(Chapter 67)”“Cao Xiu ducked behind Zhang Liao and shot Ling Tong’s horse， which reared and threwits rider. Yue Jin raced forward， spear poised for the kill， when an arrow struck him full in the face and hetoppled from his mount. Soldiers on both sides came out to rescue their generals. Gongs sounded， and combatceased. Ling Tong returned to camp and touched the ground in apology to Sun Quan.‘It was Gan Ningwhose arrow saved you.’Quan said， and Ling Tong pressed his forehead to the ground to show his respectto Gan Ning， saying，‘I never expected such kindness from you， sir.’From that time forward the two menbecame sworn friends and buried their grudge.”(Chapter68) For another instance，“Zhou Tai broke throughand found Sun Quan.‘Follow me out of here， my lord，’Tai said. By dint of hard fighting， Zhou Tai reachedthe shore but again lost Sun Quan. He turned back into the fray and again found his lord.‘We can’t getout.’Quan said.‘Shafts and bolts are flying everywhere.’‘This time，’Zhou Tai said，‘you go firstand I’ll follow.’Quan raced forward as Zhou Tai fended off attacks left and right. He took several woundsand an arrow had pierced his armor； but he brought Sun Quan out... Sun Quan grieved bitterly over the lossof Chen Wu and Dong Xi. He had the river searched， and Dong Xi’s body was found； it was buried togetherwith Chen Wu’s. Sun Quan then held a feast to thank Zhou Tai for his heroic rescues. Lifting the cup， SunQuan rested his arm on Zhou Tai’s shoulders and， face wet with tears， said，‘Twice you brought me to safety，each time risking your own life， suffering so many wounds that they have patterned your flesh. What else canI do but show you a kinsman’s kindness； what else but place in your hands a high command？ You are mymost deserving vassal， with whom I shall share every glory and success.’(Chapter 68)”This is just why hissubordinates will risk their lives to serve him wholeheartedly.

　　曹操闻知玄德自立汉中王，即修书令满宠为使，星夜投江东来见孙权。“宠呈上操书，曰：‘吴、魏自来无仇，皆因刘备之故，致生衅隙。魏王差某到此，约将军攻取荆州，魏王以兵临汉川，首尾夹击。破刘之后，共分疆土，誓不相侵。’……诸葛瑾曰：‘其女尚幼，未许字人。某愿往与主公世子求婚。若云长肯许，即与云长计议共破曹操；若云长不肯，然后助曹取荆州。’……入城见云长，礼毕。瑾曰：‘特来求两家之好；吾主吴侯有一子，甚聪明；闻将军有一女，特来求亲。两家结好，并力破曹。此诚美事，请君侯思之。’云长勃然大怒曰：‘吾虎女安肯嫁犬子乎！不看汝弟之面，立斩汝首！再休多言！’遂唤左右逐出。瑾抱头鼠窜，回见吴侯；不敢隐匿，遂以实告。权大怒曰：‘何太无礼耶！’”（第七十三回）”“关公在麦城盼望上庸兵到，却不见动静；手下止有五六百人，多半带伤；城中无粮，甚是苦楚。”忽报诸葛瑾到，瑾曰：‘吴侯欲与君侯结秦晋之好，同力破曹，共扶汉室，别无他意。君侯何执迷如是？’言未毕，关平拔剑而前，欲斩诸葛瑾。公止之曰：

　　‘彼弟孔明在蜀，佐汝伯父，今若杀彼，伤其兄弟之情也。’遂令左右逐出诸葛瑾。”（第七十六回）“至天明，孙权闻关公父子已被擒获，大喜，聚众将于帐中。少时，马忠簇拥关公至前。权曰：‘孤久慕将军盛德，欲结秦晋之好，何相弃耶？公平昔自以为天下无敌，今日何由被吾所擒？将军今日还服孙权否？’关公厉声骂曰：‘碧眼小儿，紫髯鼠辈！吾与刘皇叔桃园结义，誓扶汉室，岂与汝叛汉之贼为伍耶！我今误中奸计，有死而已，何必多言！’”（第七十七回）于是关公父子皆遇害。孙权为维护孙、刘两家联盟抗曹也尽力而为了。

　　When Cao Cao learned that Xuande had installed himself as king of Hanzhong， Cao Cao orderedMan Chong to visit Sun Quan as his representative.“Submitting Cao Cao’s letter， Man Chong said，‘TheSouthland and Wei have no quarrel； Liu Bei has been the cause of the hostilities between us. The king ofWei has sent me here to work out an agreement whereby you， General， will attack and take over Jingzhouwhile he brings his army up to Hanzhong so that we can attack Liu Bei on two fronts. Once he is destroyed，we can divide his territories， pledging to respect the boundary between.’... Zhuge Jin suggested，‘Thedaughter， still young， has not yet been promised in marriage. I would like to seek her hand for your heir. IfLord Guan consents， we can begin planning joint action against Cao Cao. Otherwise， we help Cao Cao takeJingzhou.’... Zhuge Jin presented himself before Lord Guan. After the ceremonies concluded， Jin said，“Icome for one particular purpose to bind the amity of our two houses. My master has a son， a youth of highintelligence. And， I understand， you have a daughter； it is her hand I come to seek. If our two houses formthis union and combine to destroy Cao Cao， it will be truly splendid. I beg you to consider it， my lord，’LordGuan’s answer came in a burst of anger：‘My tiger-lass married off to a mongrel？ I’d have your head if youweren’t Kongming’s brother！ Speak of it no more！’Lord Guan called for his aides， who drove Zhuge Jinscurrying off. Back in the Southland Zhuge Jin could not conceal what had happened. Hearing the report，Sun Quan exclaimed，‘What insolence！’(Chapter 73)”“In Mai， Lord Guan waited expectantly for relieffrom Shangyong. But no sign came. Only five or six hundred men remained to him， and most of those hadbeen wounded. A shortage of rations was causing severe suffering. Suddenly Zhuge Jin came and said，‘LordSun wanted to form an alliance with you， based on marriage， so that we could unite against Cao Cao anduphold the house of Han. We harbor no other ambition. Why must you cling to these misconceptions， mylord？’Before Zhuge Jin could finish， Guan Ping had pulled his sword and was making for the visitor. LordGuan stopped him.‘His younger brother Kongming is in the Riverlands serving as your uncle’s right-handman. If you kill him， you will offend his brother.’Lord Guan then ordered Zhuge Jin driven away. (Chapter76)”“As the day broke， Sun Quan was informed of the capture of Lord Guan and his son. Immenselypleased， he called his commanders together. After a short while Ma Zhong hustled Lord Guan into SunQuan’s tent. Sun Quan said，‘General， out of longstanding admiration for your splendid virtues， I soughtto work out a liaison through marriage. Why did you spurn the offer？ You have ever clung to the view thatyou are without peer in the empire. How has it come about that you are my prisoner today？ Do you， General，acknowledge yourself beaten？’Lord Guan damned him harshly：‘Green-eyed scamp！ Red-whiskeredrodent！ I gave my allegiance to Imperial Uncle Liu in the peach garden when we swore to uphold the house ofHan. What would I be doing in the ranks of traitors in revolt such as you？ Now that I have blundered into yourtreacherous devices， death alone remains. There is no more to say.’(Chapter 77)”And so Lord Guan andhis son， Ping， were beheaded. And Sun Quan has also done his utmost to uphold the union of Sun and Liuhouses against Cao.

　　刘玄德即了帝位，统精兵七十余万，御驾亲征，杀向东吴。（第八十一回）吴使诸葛瑾至。瑾曰：“‘今吕蒙已死，冤仇已息。孙夫人一向思归。今吴侯令臣为使，愿送归夫人，缚还降将，并将荆州仍旧交还，永结盟好，共灭曹丕，以正篡逆之罪。’先主怒曰：

　　‘汝东吴害了朕弟，今日敢以巧言来说乎？’瑾曰：‘臣请以轻重大小之事，与陛下论之。

　　陛下乃汉朝皇叔，今汉帝已被曹丕篡夺，不思剿除；却为异姓之亲，而屈万乘之尊，是舍大义而就小义也。中原乃海内之地，两都皆大汉创业之方，陛下不取，而但争荆州，是弃重而取轻也。天下皆知陛下即位，必兴汉室，恢复山河；今陛下置魏不问，反欲伐吴：窃为陛下不取。’先主大怒曰：‘杀吾弟之仇，不共戴天！欲朕罢兵，除死方休！不看丞相之面，先斩汝首！今且放汝回去，说与孙权：洗颈就戮！’诸葛瑾见先主不听，只得自回江南。瑾见孙权，言先主不肯通和之意。权大惊曰：‘若如此，江南危矣！’阶下一人进曰：‘某有一计，可解此危。’视之，乃中大夫赵咨也。权曰：‘德度有何良策？’咨曰：‘主公可作一表，某愿为使，往见魏帝曹丕，陈说利害，使袭汉中，则蜀兵自危矣。’权曰：‘此计最善。’”（第八十二回）这就是为什么“孙权降魏受九锡”、“战罥亭先主得仇人　守江口书生拜大将”（第八十三回）、“陆逊营烧七百里”，大破蜀兵于罥亭彝陵之地（第八十四回）。这就是三国时期“三大战役”的彝陵之战，它确保了东吴的幸存并最终确立了三国的势力范围。

　　Liu Xuande assumed the imperial throne， and then seven hundred thousand seasoned troops under hispersonal command were marching toward the Southland (Chapter 81). Zhuge Jin arrived， and“said：‘Nowthat Lü Meng is dead， the quarrel between us ends. Moreover， Lady Sun thinks only of returning to herhusband. Lord Sun has sent me here， therefore， to communicate our desire to deliver Lady Sun and torepatriate those commanders of Lord Guan’s who surrendered to us. Finally， we desire to restore Jingzhouto you to seal our amity in perpetuity that we may strive to eliminate the traitor and usurper Cao Pi.’TheEmperor retorted hotly，‘You southerners murdered our brother. Don’t ply us with clever arguments！’ButZhuge Jin continued，‘Allow me to weigh the merits of the case. Your Majesty is an imperial uncle of theHan； the Han Emperor has been unlawfully deprived of his throne by Cao Pi. Yet instead of dedicatingyourself to eliminating the traitors， you compromise your imperial dignity for a kinsman by oath， not byblood， and thereby forsake a sacred obligation for a lesser one. The northern heartland is the core of therealm； Chang’an and Luoyang are the recognized capitals of Han. Your Majesty， forsaking the north to fightfor Jingzhou means forsaking what is important to pursue what is petty. The whole empire knows that byassuming the throne you could revive the Han and bring the mountains and rivers of this land within its ruleonce again. I venture to advise Your Majesty not to ignore Wei in order to wage war against Wu.’In a furythe Emperor said，‘That enemy who slew my brother will never share one sky with us. Nothing—save mydeath—will stop these troops. Were not the prime minister your brother， you would have already lost yourhead. However， you may return and tell Sun Quan to wash his neck： the executioner is coming.’Thus， theEmperor stood firm， and Zhuge Jin betook himself home to the Southland. Sun Quan received Zhuge Jin， whotold him that the Emperor had rejected reconciliation. Alarmed， Sun Quan said，‘In that case， the Southlandmay fall.’But below the platform a man stepped forth and said，‘I have a plan to avert the danger.’It wasZhao Zi， a ranking adviser at court.‘What plan？’Sun Quan asked.‘Let Your Lordship declare submissionto Cao Pi， Emperor of Wei. Delegate me to deliver the petition， and I will show him that his advantage lies inattacking Hanzhong. That wil exert pressure on the Riverlands army.’Sun Quan responded，‘An excellentplan.’(Chapter 82)”This is why“Sun Quan Submits to Wei， Receives the Nine Dignities”，“Fightingat Xiaoting， the Emperor Takes a Foe Defending the River， a Scholar Takes Command”(Chapter 83)and“Lu Xun Burns a Seven-Hundred-Li Line of Camps”， having decisively beaten the Riverlands troopsat Xiaoting and Yiling (Chapter 84). This is the Campaign of Yiling of the Three Campaigns during the ThreeKingdoms period. It has ensured the Southland’s survival and finally established the sphere of influence ofthe Three Kingdoms.

　　从上述引自文本的几段可以看出，孙权不仅是东吴的守业者而且是东吴的创立者。“吴王孙权设朝，有细作人报说：‘蜀诸葛丞相出兵两次，魏都督曹真兵损将亡。’于是群臣皆劝吴王兴师伐魏，以图中原。权犹疑未决。张昭奏曰：‘近闻武昌东山，凤凰来仪；大江之中，黄龙屡现。主公德配唐、虞，明并文、武：可即皇帝位，然后兴兵。’多官皆应曰：

　　‘子布之言是也。’遂选定夏四月丙寅日，筑坛于武昌南郊。是日，群臣请权登坛即皇帝位，改黄武八年为黄龙元年（公元229年）。谥父孙坚为武烈皇帝，母吴氏为武烈皇后，兄孙策为长沙桓王。立子孙登为皇太子。命诸葛瑾长子诸葛恪为太子左辅，张昭次子张休为太子右弼。”（第九十八回）“孙登于吴赤乌四年身亡，遂立次子孙和为太子，乃琅琊王夫人所生。和因与全公主不睦，被公主所谮，权废之，和忧恨而死，又立三子孙亮为太子，乃潘夫人所生。此时陆逊、诸葛瑾皆亡，一应大小事务，皆归于诸葛恪。太元元年秋八月初一日，忽起大风，江海涌涛，平地水深八尺。吴主先陵所种松柏，尽皆拔起，直飞到建业城南门外，倒卓于道上。权因此受惊成病。至次年四月内，病势沉重，乃召太傅诸葛恪、大司马吕岱至榻前，嘱以后事。嘱讫而薨。在位二十四年，寿七十一岁。”（第一○八回）

　　From the passages quoted above from the text we can see Sun Quan is not only the keeper but also thefounder of the Southland.“Sun Quan， king of the Southland， was holding court when a spy reported：‘PrimeMinister Zhuge of Shu has taken the field twice， inflicting heavy losses of fighters and captains on Cao Zhen’sWei army.’After this report the assembly of vassals urged the king to wage war against Wei for the purposeof taking the northern heartland. Sun Quan wavered， unable to come to a decision. Zhang Zhao addressedhim：‘I have heard recently that in the hills east of Wuchang a phoenix has displayed itself， and that in theGreat River a tawny dragon has been sighted several times. Your Lordship’s virtue matches that of Yao andShun， your wisdom matches that of kings Wen and Wu. Ascend the imperial seat first； then send forth thearmy.’Many officials echoed Zhang Zhao’s view. Thus they selected the third cyclical day of the fourthmonth for the enthronement and erected an altar in the southern suburb of Wuchang. On the appointed day，pursuant to the petition of the assembled officials， Sun Quan ascended the imperial seat. The reign year waschanged from Huang Wu 8 to Huang Long 1. (i.e. A.D. 229) Sun Quan’s father， Sun Jian， was posthumouslyhonored as Emperor Wu Lie， or Martial Glory； his mother， Lady Wu， as Empress Wu Lie； his brother， SunCe， as King Huan of Changsha. Sun Deng， Quan’s son， was designated crown prince， and Zhuge Ke， eldestson of Zhuge Jin， became his principal guide； Zhuge Xiu， younger son of Zhang Zhao， became the heirapparent’s first assistant. (Chapter 98)”“Sun Deng， however， had died in the fourth year of Chi Wu， andso the next son， Sun He， had become heir to the house. Sun He was the son of Lady Wang from Langye. Hehad bad relations with Princess Quan， however， and she spread evil rumors about him. The result was thatSun Quan removed Sun He as heir apparent； He subsequently died of vexation. The third son， Sun Liang，was then confirmed as their apparent. He was the son of Lady Pan. By this time Lu Xun， Zhuge Jin， and otherleading figures had passed away， and all matters of great and small were left to Zhuge Ke. In the autumn ofthe first year of Tai Yuan， on the first day of the eighth month， a great storm suddenly struck， blowing riversand lakes into great billows and flooding flatlands to a depth of eight spans. Pines and cypresses that had beenplanted at the Sun clan’s ancestral tombs were uprooted by the winds and blown to the south gate of Jianye onthe main road. Sun Quan fell ill from the shock. In the fourth month of the following year (i.e. A.D.252)， hiscondition graver， he called Imperial Guardian Zhuge Ke and the Chief Commanding Officer， Lü Dai， to hisbedside and instructed them on the handing of the government in the future. When Sun Quan had finishedspeaking， he was no more. He had reigned for twenty-four years， reaching the age of seventy-one. (Chapter108)”

　　“孙权既亡，诸葛恪立孙亮为帝，大赦天下，改元建兴元年；谥权曰大皇帝，葬于蒋陵。”（第一○八回）“吴主孙亮，时年方十六，见罥杀戮太过，心甚不然”……“虽然聪明，却被孙罥把持，不能主张”……“孙罥入内指吴主孙亮骂曰：‘无道昏君！本当诛戮以谢天下！看先帝之面，废汝为会稽王，吾自选有德者立之！’……孙罥遣宗正孙楷、中书郎董朝，往虎林迎请琅琊王孙休为君。休字子烈，乃孙权第六子也……吴主孙休忙下御座迎之，请罥高坐。酒行数巡……左将军张布厉声而言曰：‘有诏擒反贼孙罥！’……孙休命推下斩之。”（第一一三回）这正是孙权种下的祸根！

　　After Sun Quan’s death， Zhuge Ke instated Sun Liang as emperor. A general amnesty was proclaimed，and the reign year was changed to Jian Xing， year 1. Sun Quan was posthumously titled Great AugustEmperor and buried at Jiangling.”(Chapter 108)“The ruler of Wu， Sun Liang， sixteen years old， deploredthe extreme cruelty of Sun Chen.”...“But for all his cleverness， Sun Liang was under Sun Chen’scontrol and could not act on his own.”...“Sun Chen strode into the ruler’s quarters and denounced SunLiang：‘Immoral， ignorant leader. You should by rights be executed to satisfy the empire. But out of respectfor the late Emperor we will demote you to prince of Kuaiji and select someone virtuous to assume thethrone in your place.’...Sun Chen sent Sun Kai， the keeper of the Imperial Clan Registry， and Dong Chao，a courtier in the Secretariat， to the town of Hulin to welcome the new sovereign， Sun Xiu (Zilie)， prince ofLangye. He was the sixth son of Sun Quan... The ruler of Wu， Sun Xiu， hastened from his throne to receiveSun Chen and invited Chen to sit beside him. After several rounds of wine... General of the Left Zhang Busaid harshly，‘I have an edict to arrest the traitor Sun Chen.’... Sun Xiu gave the order for execution. (Chapter113)”It is Sun Quan who has sown the seeds of misfortune.

　　鲁肃：“字子敬，临淮东川人也。此人胸怀韬略，腹隐机谋。早年丧父，事母至孝。

　　其家极富，尝散财以济贫乏。瑜为居巢长之时，将数百人过临淮，因乏粮，闻鲁肃家有两罥米，各三千斛，因往求助。肃即指一罥相赠，其慷慨如此。平生好击剑骑射，寓居曲阿。祖母亡，还葬东城……瑜奉命亲往，见肃叙礼毕，具道孙权相慕之意……肃从其言，遂同周瑜来见孙权。权甚敬之，与之谈论，终日不倦。一日，众官皆散，权留鲁肃共饮，至晚同榻抵足而卧。夜半，权问肃曰：‘君将何以教我？’肃曰：‘肃窃料汉室不可复兴，曹操不可卒除。为将军计，惟有鼎足江东以观天下之衅。今乘北方多务，剿除黄祖，进伐刘表，竟长江所极而据守之；然后建号帝王，以图天下。’”（第二十九回）多么精辟的分析啊！真是英雄所见略同！他的这一战略思想与诸葛亮的《隆中对》基本一致，可称为《吴中对》，但却比《隆中对》早出台十来年。正如孙权在第七十七回中所说：“子敬初见孤时，便及帝王大略，此一快也”。这是鲁肃的第一大贡献——“为东吴提出了帝王大略”。